Evaluation of Response Surface Methodology For Citric Acid Dosage Optimization For The Remediation of Lead-Contaminated Soils
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51459/jostir.2025.1.1.09Keywords:
Response Surface Methodology, Lead contamination, Box–Behnken Design, Heavy metal, Citric-acid. Optimization, Ph, ConcentrationAbstract
Heavy metal contamination in soils poses significant risks to sustainable development and human health, necessitating effective remediation efforts. This research optimized soil washing conditions for lead removal using citric acid (CA). By varying CA concentrations, pH, and washing time, the study used a Box–Behnken Experimental Design within Response Surface Methodology (RSM) to identify optimal conditions. The result showed significant efficiency in lead removal within the first 100mM CA concentration, 150 minutes of washing time. The quadratic RSM model emerged as the best model fit out of the four (4) tested models to measure the relationships between the lead removal efficiency and the citric acid soil washing conditions. The Pareto influence analysis conducted on the model coefficients showed pH, CA concentration and the combination of both pH and CA concentration to have the highest influence on soil lead removal efficiency at influence rate of 72.24%, 7.06% and 8.51% respectively. The optimal conditions identified were a pH of 2, a washing time of 180 minutes, and a CA concentration of 64.89 mM, achieving a lead removal efficiency of 78%. This study demonstrates the effectiveness of citric acid in remediating lead-contaminated soils
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