Carburization and Characterization of High-Speed Steel Single-Point Cutting Tools Using Walnut Shell As A Carburizing Agent
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.51459/jostir.2026.2.2.0110Abstract
High-speed steel (HSS) cutting tools are essential in modern machining due to their hardness, toughness, and wear resistance. However, tool wear reduces efficiency and increases costs. This study investigates the carburization of M2 HSS single-point cutting tools using walnut shell as a sustainable carbon source. Nine samples were carburized at 850 °C, 900 °C, and 950 °C for holding times of 30, 60, and 90 minutes in a muffle furnace. Post-carburization characterization was conducted using Rockwell hardness testing, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and energy-dispersive spectroscopy (EDS). Results showed significant hardness enhancement, with the best hardness result at 87.6 HRC60kg, achieved at 950 °C for 90 minutes. SEM revealed refined carbide precipitation, while EDS confirmed increased carbon content on the carburized surfaces microstructure. The study demonstrates that walnut shell is an effective and eco-friendly carburizing medium, providing an economical and sustainable alternative for surface hardening of HSS cutting tools.
Keywords: High-speed steel, Carburization, Walnut shell, Hardness, SEM, Sustainable materials.
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